![]() ![]() Hepatic Insufficiency: Magnesium is excreted solely by the kidney. In patients with severe renal insufficiency, the dose should be lower and frequent serum magnesium levels must be obtained (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION). Renal Insufficiency: Magnesium is excreted solely by the kidney. Metabolism: Magnesium is not metabolized.Įxcretion: Magnesium is excreted solely by the kidney at a rate proportional to the serum concentration and glomerular filtration. Pharmacokinetics:Ībsorption: Intravenously administered magnesium is immediately absorbed.ĭistribution: Approximately 1% to 2% of total body magnesium is located in the extracellular fluid space. Effective anticonvulsant serum levels range from 2.5 mEq/liter to 7.5 mEq/liter. Following intramuscular administration the onset of action occurs in about one hour and persists for three to four hours. With intravenous administration the onset of anticonvulsant action is immediate and lasts about 30 minutes. ![]() The central and peripheral effects of magnesium poisoning are antagonized to some extent by intravenous administration of calcium. With low doses only flushing and sweating occur, but larger doses cause lowering of blood pressure. Magnesium acts peripherally to produce vasodilation. Heart block also may occur at this or lower serum levels of magnesium. At this level respiratory paralysis may occur. Normal serum magnesium levels range from 1.3 mEq/liter to 2.1 mEq/liter.Īs serum magnesium rises above 4 mEq/liter, the deep tendon reflexes are first decreased and then disappear as the serum level approaches 10 mEq/liter. Magnesium is said to have a depressant effect on the central nervous system, but it does not adversely affect the mother, fetus or neonate when used as directed in eclampsia or pre-eclampsia. Magnesium prevents or controls convulsions by blocking neuromuscular transmission and decreasing the amount of acetylcholine liberated at the end plate by the motor nerve impulse. Magnesium (Mg ++) is an important cofactor for enzymatic reactions and plays an important role in neurochemical transmission and muscular excitability. Magnesium Sulfate - Clinical Pharmacology The flexible plastic container is fabricated from a specially formulated non polyvinylchloride. Water for Injection, USP is chemically designated H 2O. Magnesium Sulfate heptahydrate, USP is white or almost white crystalline powder or brilliant colorless crystals which is freely soluble in water, very soluble in boiling water, practically insoluble in ethanol (96%). ![]()
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